Kitos War

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Kitos War or Second Jewish–Roman War
Part of the Jewish–Roman wars
The extent of the Roman Empire under Trajan (117)
Date 115–117 Location Eastern Mediterranean, Roman Empire Result Roman victory Territorial changes Status quo ante bellum
Belligerents
Roman Empire	Jewish/Judean zealots
Commanders and leaders
Emperor Trajan Marcius Turbo Lusius Quietus	Lukuas (Andreas) Julianus [1] Pappus [1] Artemio
Casualties and losses
Cassius Dio: 460,000+ Roman subjects (largely Roman Greeks) were killed in Cyrene and Cyprus alone Unknown numbers in Aegyptus, Libya and the rest of the Eastern Mediterranean	200,000 dead[2] Jewish communities of Cyprus, Cyrene and possibly others completely depopulated and permanently expelled to the eastern edges of the Empire (mainly Judea)

The Kitos War (115–117; Hebrew: מרד הגלויות, romanized: mered ha-galuyot, or מרד התפוצות mered ha-tfutzot; "rebellion of the diaspora" Latin: Tumultus Iudaicus) was one of the major Jewish–Roman wars (66–136). The rebellions erupted in 115 when most of the Roman armies were fighting Trajan's Parthian War on the eastern border of the Roman Empire. Major uprisings by Jews in Cyrenaica, Cyprus and Egypt spiralled out of control, resulting in a widespread slaughter of the remaining Roman garrisons and Roman citizens by Jewish rebels.

The Jewish rebellions were finally crushed by the Roman legions, chiefly by the Roman general Lusius Quietus, whose nomen later gave the conflict its title, as Kitos is a later corruption of Quietus. Some localities were so utterly annihilated that Romans moved in to settle the areas to prevent their complete depopulation. The Jewish leader, Lukuas, fled to Judea.^[3] Marcius Turbo pursued him and sentenced to death the brothers Julian and Pappus, who had been key leaders in the rebellion.^[4]

Lusius Quietus, the conqueror of the Jews of Mesopotamia, was now in command of the Roman army in Judea and laid siege to Lydda, where the rebel Jews had gathered under the leadership of Julian and Pappus. Lydda was next taken, and many of the rebellious Jews were executed. The "slain of Lydda" are often mentioned in words of reverential praise in the Talmud.^[5] The rebel leaders Pappus and Julian were among those who the Romans executed that year.^[6]

The situation in Judea remained tense for the Romans, who were obliged under Hadrian to move the Legio VI Ferrata permanently into Caesarea Maritima in Judea.